We build upon work by Truong et al., repurposing the otherwise wasted action of unlocking a phone (i.e., the slide to unlock gesture) to allow a small optional action. Choe et al.'s SleepTight uses a phone lockscreen widget for journaling of potential sleep disruptors with as little as a single tap. In contrast, recent work explores more lightweight journaling interfaces. This same basic approach continues in mobile interfaces that present a survey with multiple questions requiring minutes to complete.
Initial methods used beepers (i.e., pagers) to prompt people to complete paper diaries. Too much of a focus on sensing, automating data collection, or minimizing journaling may therefore undermine the entire purpose. Health and wellness applications face the additional challenge that the act of journaling is often itself intended to promote mindfulness and self-monitoring (i.e., self-report serves both assessment and treatment ). Intrusiveness of prompts can also be reduced using context awareness and decision theory methods to focus prompts at appropriate times and reduce the total number of prompts. Experience sampling research has found the frequency of prompts must be limited to mitigate annoyance they create. Quantified Selfers report the burdens of self-tracking often create a fatigue that leads them to abandon self-tracking.
Unfortunately, potential benefits of these techniques remain limited by their high burdens. We are particularly interested in the increasing applications of these techniques to self-monitoring in health and wellness (e.g., ). The CHI community is also actively exploring self-tracking through the lenses of personal informatics, the Quantified Self, and lived informatics. Applications of these methods are too broad to enumerate, but research in the CHI community has included studies of mobile device adoption, of time management and interruptions, of relating sensed behavior traces to explicit reports, of location privacy preferences, and informing and evaluating mobile and ubiquitous computing applications. The use of mobile devices for prompted in situ self-report has become common across a variety of disciplines, sometimes called experience sampling, diaries, or ecological momentary assessment.
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